The Black River, nestled in Arizona's White Mountains, offers a diverse and rewarding fly fishing experience. Spanning approximately 114 miles, it flows through the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests and forms the boundary between the Fort Apache and San Carlos Indian Reservations. Anglers can enjoy fishing for native Apache trout in the upper reaches, while the lower sections are renowned for brown trout and smallmouth bass. The river's remote and scenic landscapes provide a serene backdrop for both novice and experienced anglers.
The Black River comprises two primary forks—the East Fork and the West Fork—which merge to form the mainstem. The East Fork, accessible via Forest Road 276, offers gentle flows through meadows, making it ideal for beginners. The West Fork, though more secluded, provides opportunities for those seeking solitude and a chance to catch native Apache trout. The mainstem flows through deep canyons and is home to larger brown trout and smallmouth bass.
Anglers can target a variety of species in the Black River. The upper reaches are home to the native Apache trout, Arizona's state fish, as well as stocked rainbow trout. Brown trout are prevalent in the middle sections, while the lower stretches boast a robust population of smallmouth bass. Other species include channel catfish, desert suckers, and fathead minnows.
Understanding the feeding habits of the river's inhabitants enhances angling success. Apache trout primarily feed on aquatic and terrestrial insects, making dry flies and nymphs effective. Brown trout are opportunistic feeders, preying on smaller fish and invertebrates. Smallmouth bass have a diet dominated by crayfish, accounting for over 50% of their intake, along with small fish, worms, and other aquatic creatures.
Tailoring techniques to the target species and river conditions is key. For Apache trout, dry fly fishing with patterns like Parachute Adams or Elk Hair Caddis is effective. Brown trout respond well to nymphing with beadhead patterns or streamer fishing, especially during low-light conditions. Smallmouth bass are aggressive and can be caught using topwater lures, streamers, or crayfish imitations.
Several locations along the Black River are favored by anglers. Buffalo Crossing on the East Fork provides easy access and is stocked regularly. The confluence of the East and West Forks offers diverse fishing opportunities. Further downstream, areas like Wildcat Point and Beaver Creek are known for their productive waters and scenic beauty.
Access to the Black River varies by section. The East Fork is accessible via Forest Road 276, with campgrounds and parking areas along the route. The West Fork can be reached by Forest Road 68, though some areas require a hike. The mainstem has limited access points, with some requiring high-clearance vehicles and hiking to reach the river. Always check road conditions and obtain necessary permits before planning your trip.
A versatile setup is beneficial for the Black River's diverse conditions. A 4 to 6-weight fly rod with a matching reel and floating line covers most scenarios. Leaders should range from 9 to 12 feet, with tippets from 3X to 6X, depending on the target species and fly size. Waders are recommended for cooler months, while wet wading is comfortable during warmer periods.
The Black River is home to several native species, including the Apache trout and the threatened narrow-headed gartersnake. Conservation efforts focus on maintaining self-sustaining populations and protecting critical habitats. Anglers are encouraged to practice catch-and-release, especially for native species, and to adhere to regulations designed to preserve the river's ecological balance.
The remote nature of the Black River requires careful planning. Cell service is limited, so inform someone of your itinerary. Be prepared for sudden weather changes and potential wildlife encounters, including bears and mountain lions. Ensure your vehicle is suitable for rough terrain, and carry sufficient supplies, including water, food, and a first aid kit.
While the Black River's remote location means limited nearby fly shops, the town of Pinetop-Lakeside offers several establishments where anglers can obtain gear, local flies, and up-to-date fishing reports. It's advisable to stock up on necessary supplies before heading to the river.
Several organizations are dedicated to the conservation of the Black River and its native species. Trout Unlimited actively works on habitat restoration and advocacy efforts. The Arizona Game and Fish Department also implements conservation strategies to protect the river's ecosystem. Supporting these organizations helps ensure the Black River remains a thriving fishery for future generations.