The Bighorn River in Montana is a world-renowned tailwater fishery, offering exceptional fly fishing opportunities year-round. Originating from the Yellowtail Dam, the river maintains consistent cold and clear flows, creating an ideal habitat for trout. Anglers of all skill levels can enjoy diverse fishing experiences, from nymphing and dry fly fishing to streamer techniques, amidst the scenic beauty of southeastern Montana.
The Bighorn River's prime fishing stretches approximately 13 miles downstream from the Afterbay Dam near Fort Smith. This upper section is renowned for its high trout densities and consistent hatches. Key access points include Afterbay Access, Three Mile Access, and Bighorn Access. Beyond this, the river flows through the Crow Reservation, where access is limited, and the fishery transitions to include more warm-water species.
The Bighorn River boasts abundant populations of wild rainbow and brown trout, with estimates ranging from 3,000 to 5,000 fish per mile. These trout typically range from 14 to 20 inches, providing ample opportunities for anglers seeking quality catches. Additionally, the river supports other species such as carp, which can offer exciting alternative fishing experiences.
Trout in the Bighorn River exhibit feeding behaviors influenced by seasonal insect hatches. Midges are a year-round staple, while Blue Winged Olives (BWOs) emerge in spring and fall. Summer months see prolific hatches of Pale Morning Duns (PMDs), caddisflies, and terrestrials like grasshoppers and ants. Understanding these patterns is crucial for matching the hatch and increasing angling success.
Effective fishing methods on the Bighorn River include nymphing, dry fly fishing, and streamer techniques. Nymphing with patterns like sowbugs and scuds is productive year-round. Dry fly fishing excels during hatches of PMDs, caddisflies, and tricos. Streamer fishing can be particularly effective in targeting larger brown trout, especially during the fall months.
Key fishing spots along the Bighorn River include Afterbay Access, Three Mile Access, and Bighorn Access. Afterbay Access, near the dam, offers deep pools and consistent trout populations. Three Mile Access provides diverse water types, including riffles and runs, suitable for various techniques. Bighorn Access, further downstream, offers opportunities for both wading and floating anglers.
Public access to the Bighorn River is primarily available at Afterbay Access, Three Mile Access, and Bighorn Access. These points provide parking and boat launch facilities. Anglers should be aware that much of the land along the river is privately owned or part of the Crow Reservation, so it's essential to respect property boundaries and adhere to local regulations.
A 9-foot, 5-weight fly rod is versatile for most conditions on the Bighorn River. For larger streamers or windy days, a 6-weight rod may be beneficial. Floating lines are standard, with weight-forward tapers aiding in casting efficiency. Leaders and tippets ranging from 9 to 12 feet in length, with 4X to 6X tippet sizes, are suitable for the river's clear waters and wary trout.
Anglers are encouraged to practice catch-and-release to maintain the Bighorn River's healthy trout populations. Using barbless hooks minimizes injury to fish. It's important to avoid wading through spawning beds, known as redds, to protect future generations of trout. Additionally, adhering to local regulations and respecting private property ensures the sustainability of this renowned fishery.
While the Bighorn River is generally gentle, anglers should be cautious of swift currents and slippery, moss-covered rocks. Wearing a wading belt and using a staff can enhance stability. Weather conditions can change rapidly; carrying appropriate gear for sun protection and sudden storms is advisable. Always inform someone of your fishing plans and expected return time.
Several fly shops in the Fort Smith area offer gear, guides, and up-to-date fishing reports. Notable establishments include Bighorn Angler, Bighorn Trout Shop, and Cottonwood Camp. These shops provide valuable local knowledge, fly selections tailored to current hatches, and guided services to enhance your fishing experience.
Organizations such as Trout Unlimited and the Bighorn River Alliance are dedicated to preserving the health of the Bighorn River ecosystem. They engage in habitat restoration, advocacy, and education to ensure the river remains a thriving fishery for future generations. Supporting these organizations through membership or donations contributes to ongoing conservation efforts.