The Dearborn River, a 70-mile tributary of the Missouri River, originates in the Lewis and Clark National Forest near Scapegoat Mountain. Flowing southeast through secluded canyons, it offers a diverse fly fishing experience amidst Montana's stunning landscapes. The river's varying sections provide opportunities for both wade and float fishing, catering to anglers of all skill levels.
The Dearborn River can be divided into three main sections:
- **Upper Dearborn River**: Characterized by fast-moving waters and rugged terrain, this section is accessible via hiking trails and is home to native cutthroat trout.
- **Middle Dearborn River**: Featuring a mix of meandering flows and moderate rapids, this stretch is accessible via MT 434 and MT 200, offering opportunities for rainbow and brown trout.
- **Lower Dearborn River**: As the river approaches its confluence with the Missouri River, it slows down, creating deep pools ideal for larger brown trout. Accessibility is limited to floating.
The Dearborn River hosts a variety of trout species:
- **Cutthroat Trout**: Predominantly found in the upper reaches, these native trout average 10 to 16 inches.
- **Rainbow Trout**: Common in the middle sections, offering consistent action for anglers.
- **Brown Trout**: Larger specimens inhabit the lower stretches, with potential for trophy-sized catches.
Understanding the feeding habits of the river's trout is crucial:
- **Spring (May to June)**: As water temperatures rise, trout become more active, feeding on emerging insects.
- **Summer (July to September)**: Prolific hatches of caddisflies, stoneflies, and mayflies occur, with trout feeding aggressively during mornings and evenings.
- **Fall (October)**: Trout prepare for winter, feeding heavily on available insects and smaller fish.
Effective techniques vary by season and river section:
- **Dry Fly Fishing**: During summer hatches, using patterns like Elk Hair Caddis and Parachute Adams can be productive.
- **Nymphing**: Year-round, nymphs such as Pheasant Tail and Hare’s Ear are effective, especially in deeper runs.
- **Streamer Fishing**: Targeting larger brown trout in the lower river with streamers like Woolly Buggers can yield success.
Notable locations along the Dearborn River include:
- **Dearborn Trailhead**: Provides access to the upper river's cutthroat trout waters.
- **Highway 434 Bridge**: A starting point for floating the middle section, known for rainbow and brown trout.
- **Highway 287 Bridge**: Launch point for the scenic lower canyon float, targeting larger brown trout.
Key access points along the river include:
- **Dearborn Trailhead**: Access to the upper river via Forest Service Trail #206.
- **Highway 434 Bridge**: Provides entry to the middle section; limited wade access due to private property downstream.
- **Highway 287 Bridge**: Starting point for floating the lower canyon section; access is primarily by boat.
Essential gear for the Dearborn River includes:
- **Rod**: A 9-foot, 5-weight fly rod is versatile for most conditions; consider a 6 or 7-weight for streamer fishing in the lower river.
- **Reel**: Matched to rod weight with a reliable drag system.
- **Line**: Weight-forward floating line; sink-tip lines for streamer fishing.
- **Flies**: A selection of dry flies, nymphs, and streamers matching local hatches.
Preserving the Dearborn River's ecosystem is vital:
- **Catch and Release**: Practice proper techniques to ensure fish survival.
- **Invasive Species**: Clean gear thoroughly to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species.
- **Habitat Protection**: Avoid disturbing riverbanks and spawning areas to maintain healthy fish populations.
Safety is paramount when fishing the Dearborn River:
- **Weather**: Be prepared for sudden changes; carry appropriate clothing and gear.
- **River Conditions**: Check flow levels before trips; high flows can be dangerous, especially during spring runoff.
- **Wildlife**: Be aware of bears and other wildlife; carry bear spray and know how to use it.
For gear, guides, and local knowledge, consider visiting:
- **Headhunters Fly Shop**: Located in Craig, MT, offering gear, guides, and current fishing reports.
- **CrossCurrents Fly Shop**: Also in Craig, providing equipment, guided trips, and local insights.
Supporting local conservation efforts helps maintain the river's health:
- **Montana Trout Unlimited**: Dedicated to conserving, protecting, and restoring Montana's coldwater fisheries and their watersheds.
- **Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks**: Manages the state's fish and wildlife resources, offering information on regulations and conservation programs.