The Androscoggin River, originating from Lake Umbagog in Errol, New Hampshire, flows 178 miles through New Hampshire and Maine before joining the Kennebec River. Historically, it suffered from industrial pollution but has undergone significant restoration, now offering some of the finest trout fishing in New England. The river's diverse habitats support a variety of fish species, making it a prime destination for fly fishing enthusiasts year-round.
The Androscoggin River can be divided into several key sections for anglers:
- **Upper Section (Errol to Berlin):** This stretch is renowned for its trout and landlocked salmon populations. The area from Errol Dam to Bragg Bay is designated as fly-fishing only, offering pristine conditions for anglers.
- **Middle Section (Berlin to Gorham):** Characterized by a mix of trout species, this section provides both wading and floating opportunities.
- **Lower Section (Gorham to Maine Border):** Known for its diverse fishery, including smallmouth bass, this area offers varied fishing experiences.
The Androscoggin River boasts a rich diversity of fish species:
- **Brook Trout:** Native to the region, brook trout are prevalent throughout the river.
- **Rainbow Trout:** Both wild and stocked populations thrive, especially in the upper sections.
- **Brown Trout:** Found in various stretches, with some specimens exceeding 20 inches.
- **Landlocked Salmon:** Particularly abundant near Errol, offering exciting opportunities for anglers.
- **Smallmouth Bass:** More common in the lower sections, especially during warmer months.
Understanding the behavior and diet of the river's fish enhances angling success:
- **Trout:** Feed on a variety of aquatic insects, including mayflies, caddisflies, and stoneflies. Seasonal hatches, such as the prolific Alder fly hatch in late June, significantly influence feeding patterns.
- **Landlocked Salmon:** Exhibit aggressive feeding behaviors, often targeting smaller fish and larger aquatic insects.
- **Smallmouth Bass:** Opportunistic feeders, consuming insects, crayfish, and small fish, with increased surface activity during warmer months.
Effective fishing methods vary by season and target species:
- **Spring:** Nymphing with patterns like Pheasant Tails and Hare's Ears is productive as fish feed actively on emerging insects.
- **Summer:** Dry fly fishing excels during hatches, especially during the Alder fly emergence. Terrestrial patterns also become effective.
- **Fall:** Streamer fishing with patterns like Woolly Buggers targets aggressive trout and salmon preparing for winter.
- **Winter:** Fishing slows, but nymphing near dam outflows can yield results as fish seek warmer waters.
Notable fishing locations along the Androscoggin include:
- **Errol Dam:** Fly-fishing-only section known for trout and salmon.
- **Pontook Dam:** Offers opportunities for both trout and smallmouth bass.
- **Seven Islands Bridge:** Renowned for smallmouth bass fishing.
- **Shelburne Dam:** Provides access to landlocked salmon and trout populations.
Access to the Androscoggin River is facilitated by several points:
- **Route 16:** Parallels the river, offering multiple pull-offs and parking areas.
- **Mollidgewock State Park:** Provides camping and river access.
- **Androscoggin Wayside Park:** Offers picnic areas and river entry points.
- **Seven Islands Bridge:** Public access with parking facilities.
Appropriate gear enhances the fishing experience:
- **Rod:** A 9-foot, 5-weight rod is versatile for most conditions.
- **Line:** Weight-forward floating line for general use; sinking line for deeper sections.
- **Flies:** Stock a variety of nymphs (Pheasant Tails, Hare's Ears), dry flies (Adams, Caddis patterns), and streamers (Woolly Buggers, Muddler Minnows).
Anglers play a vital role in preserving the river's health:
- **Catch and Release:** Practice ethical angling to maintain fish populations.
- **Habitat Protection:** Avoid disturbing riverbanks and spawning areas.
- **Invasive Species:** Clean gear thoroughly to prevent the spread of non-native species.
Ensuring safety enhances the fishing experience:
- **Wading:** Use a wading staff and wear appropriate footwear to navigate slippery rocks.
- **Weather:** Be prepared for sudden changes; carry rain gear and dress in layers.
- **Wildlife:** Be aware of local fauna, including moose and bears; maintain a safe distance.
Local fly shops provide gear, guidance, and local insights:
- **L.L. Cote Sports Center:** Located in Errol, offering a wide range of fishing equipment and advice.
- **North Country Angler:** Based in North Conway, providing gear and guided trips.
- **Mountain High Fly:** Situated in Lincoln, offering fly fishing supplies and local knowledge.
Several organizations are dedicated to the conservation of the Androscoggin River:
- **Androscoggin River Watershed Council (ARWC):** Focuses on protecting and enhancing the river's health.
- **Trout Unlimited - Great Bay Chapter:** Engages in conservation projects and advocacy.
- **New Hampshire Fish and Game Department:** Manages fish populations and habitats.