The Cowlitz River, originating from the glaciers of Mount Rainier, flows approximately 105 miles through southwest Washington before joining the Columbia River. Renowned for its abundant salmon and steelhead runs, the river offers year-round fly fishing opportunities amidst diverse landscapes, from forested mountains to fertile valleys. Its accessibility and rich fish populations make it a prime destination for both novice and seasoned anglers.
The Cowlitz River can be divided into two main sections:
1. **Upper Cowlitz**: Above Mayfield Dam, this section includes tributaries like the Cispus and Tilton Rivers. Efforts have been made to reintroduce salmon and steelhead here, offering anglers opportunities in less crowded waters.
2. **Lower Cowlitz**: Below Mayfield Dam, this stretch is renowned for its robust hatchery programs and consistent fish returns, making it a hotspot for anglers targeting salmon and steelhead.
The Cowlitz River boasts a diverse array of fish species, including:
- **Steelhead Trout**: Both summer and winter runs are present, with summer steelhead arriving in late May and winter steelhead appearing from November through March.
- **Chinook Salmon**: Spring Chinook enter the river in mid-March, peaking in April, while fall Chinook arrive in August.
- **Coho Salmon**: These salmon make their run in the fall, typically starting in September.
- **Sea-Run Cutthroat Trout**: These trout are present from late summer into fall, offering exciting opportunities for fly anglers.
Understanding the behavior and diet of target species enhances angling success:
- **Steelhead**: These migratory trout are known for their aggressive strikes. They feed on aquatic insects, small fish, and crustaceans.
- **Chinook and Coho Salmon**: While in freshwater, they primarily focus on spawning, but can be enticed by flies that mimic their natural prey.
- **Sea-Run Cutthroat Trout**: Opportunistic feeders, they consume a variety of insects and small fish, making them responsive to diverse fly patterns.
Effective techniques vary by species and season:
- **Steelhead**: Swinging streamers like the Steelhead Muddler or Purple Peril is effective.
- **Salmon**: Drift fishing with egg patterns or swinging large streamers can yield results.
- **Sea-Run Cutthroat**: Using nymphs and wet flies, such as soft hackle patterns, proves successful.
Notable locations along the Cowlitz River include:
- **Blue Creek**: A tributary junction known for abundant steelhead and Coho salmon.
- **Barrier Dam**: Located downstream of Blue Creek, it's a hotspot for winter steelhead.
- **Mission Creek**: Excellent for catching cutthroat trout, especially in late summer and early autumn.
Key access points for anglers include:
- **Blue Creek Boat Launch**: Offers a well-maintained launch and wading opportunities.
- **Mission Boat Launch**: Known for steelhead fishing, located downstream from Blue Creek.
- **Barrier Dam Boat Launch**: Provides easy access with ample parking and facilities.
Appropriate gear enhances the fishing experience:
- **Rods**: 7 to 9 weight rods for steelhead and salmon; 4 to 6 weight rods for cutthroat trout.
- **Lines**: Floating lines for dry flies; sinking or sink-tip lines for streamers.
- **Flies**: Egg-sucking leeches, woolly buggers, and various nymph patterns.
Anglers play a vital role in conservation:
- **Catch and Release**: Practice proper techniques to ensure fish survival.
- **Habitat Protection**: Avoid disturbing spawning beds and be mindful of riverbank vegetation.
- **Invasive Species**: Clean gear thoroughly to prevent the spread of non-native species.
Ensuring safety enhances the fishing experience:
- **River Conditions**: Check flow rates and weather forecasts before heading out.
- **Gear**: Wear appropriate clothing and consider using a wading staff for stability.
- **Emergency Preparedness**: Inform someone of your plans and carry a communication device.
For gear, advice, and local insights, consider visiting:
- **Lost Creek Fly Shop**: Located in Onalaska, offering a wide range of fly fishing equipment and expertise.
- **The Avid Angler**: Based in Lake Forest Park, providing guided trips and a comprehensive selection of gear.
Engaging with conservation groups supports the river's health:
- **Western Rivers Conservancy**: Works to protect river ecosystems, including the Cowlitz.
- **Trout Unlimited**: Focuses on conserving freshwater habitats for trout and salmon.