Black Earth Creek, located in Dane County, Wisconsin, is a renowned Class I trout stream celebrated for its high-quality fishing opportunities. Originating from coldwater springs west of Madison, the creek meanders through picturesque landscapes, including agricultural valleys and wooded areas, before joining the Wisconsin River. Its clear waters and diverse habitats support a thriving population of wild brown trout, making it a favored destination for anglers of all skill levels.
Black Earth Creek offers various sections, each with unique characteristics. The upper reaches near Cross Plains feature faster currents and riffles, ideal for nymphing techniques. Downstream areas towards Black Earth and Mazomanie present slower flows and deeper pools, suitable for dry fly fishing. Notably, a catch-and-release, artificial lures and flies-only section extends from South Valley Road downstream to Park Street, providing a protected environment for trout populations.
The primary species in Black Earth Creek is the wild brown trout, known for its resilience and adaptability. In the lower sections, particularly near Mazomanie, rainbow trout are stocked to enhance angling opportunities. These species thrive due to the creek's cold, clear waters and abundant food sources, offering anglers a rewarding fishing experience year-round.
Trout in Black Earth Creek exhibit behaviors influenced by seasonal changes. In spring and fall, they are more active during daylight, feeding on emerging aquatic insects. Summer months may see trout seeking cooler, deeper waters during midday, becoming more active in early morning and late evening. Their diet includes a variety of aquatic insects such as mayflies, caddisflies, and midges, along with terrestrial insects like ants and grasshoppers during warmer months.
Effective fishing methods on Black Earth Creek vary with seasons. Spring and fall are ideal for nymphing and dry fly fishing, matching prevalent hatches. During summer, terrestrial patterns like hoppers and ants are productive. In winter, slow presentations with small nymphs or streamers can entice sluggish trout. Adapting techniques to current conditions and observing insect activity enhances success.
Several spots along Black Earth Creek are favored by anglers. The area near South Valley Road offers access to the catch-and-release section. Scherbel Road at Salmo Pond provides convenient entry points. Wolf Run Trail in Mazomanie offers scenic fishing opportunities. These locations are well-marked and provide diverse fishing experiences.
Access to Black Earth Creek is facilitated by multiple points along its course. Highway 14 and County Highway KP run parallel to the creek, offering numerous entry spots. Public lands and easements, such as those managed by the Wisconsin DNR, provide designated parking and trail access. It's essential to respect private property and use established access points to preserve landowner relations and habitat integrity.
A 4 to 6-weight fly rod with matching reel and floating line is suitable for Black Earth Creek. Leaders ranging from 9 to 12 feet with 4X to 6X tippets are recommended. Essential flies include mayfly and caddisfly imitations, midges, and terrestrial patterns. Waders are advisable for mobility, and polarized sunglasses aid in spotting fish and navigating the clear waters.
Conservation efforts are vital to maintaining Black Earth Creek's health. Anglers are encouraged to practice catch-and-release, especially in designated sections. Being aware of and adhering to fish consumption advisories due to PFOS contamination is crucial for personal health and environmental protection. Staying informed about local guidelines ensures the creek remains a sustainable resource for future generations.
Safety is paramount when fishing Black Earth Creek. Be cautious of varying water levels and currents, especially after rainfall. Wearing appropriate footwear with good traction helps prevent slips on rocky or muddy banks. Inform someone of your fishing plans and expected return time. Carrying a basic first aid kit and being aware of local wildlife, including insects like mosquitoes, enhances safety during your outing.
Local fly shops provide valuable resources for anglers. Black Earth Angling Co. offers guided trips and equipment. Orvis Madison provides gear and local fishing reports. These establishments offer insights into current conditions, recommended flies, and techniques specific to Black Earth Creek.
Several organizations are dedicated to the conservation of Black Earth Creek. The Black Earth Creek Watershed Association focuses on preserving the creek's health. Southern Wisconsin Trout Unlimited engages in habitat restoration and advocacy. Groundswell Conservancy works to protect land and water resources in the area. Supporting these organizations contributes to the ongoing preservation of this valuable fishery.